历年考研英语外刊常考热点：现代经济

　　考研英语学习对于大多数人来讲是一件非常头疼的事，特别是考研阅读，生词多，句式复杂，语法生涩让很多同学叫苦不停。其实考研英语中90%的文章基本来源于Times、纽约时报、科学杂志、自然杂志等时文外刊杂志。今天好轻松考研小编给大家带来了历年考研英语外刊常考热点：现代经济，希望对大家有帮助哦。

　　原文标题：

　　Look for new start-ups to provide gig worker benefit

　　考研英语常考热点-现代经济

　　主要亮点与脉络：

　　①本文情形并非仅限于美国，而是如今许多国家面临的问题；文章内容丰富且属于大学生应了解的信息；②结构清晰紧凑：引入如今现象“美国未上过大学的工人很难在城市找到体面工作，通往中产阶级富足生活的主要道路被封闭”（首两段）——分析原因“制造业衰落、城市转型”（第三至五段）——提出建议“在城市多建住房、压低租金；借研究型大学引进人才、振兴乡村；出台旨在提高低薪工人经济福祉的激励性措施”（第六、七段）。

　　Part 1原文

　　Ⅰ    In a recent lecture, David Autor, a labor economist, attempted to weave the biggest and most important issues together into a single story. Paraphrasing heavily, that story goes something like this: Forty years ago, Americans who didn’t go to college could move to cities and get good jobs in manufacturing or office work. But starting in about 1980, these jobs began to disappear, thanks in part to offshoring and automation.

　　Ⅱ  Workers without a college education were increasingly moved to low-skilled service jobs. Even as educational inequality was growing, geographic inequality was growing as well. High-skilled occupations increasingly clustered in cities, while low-skilled service jobs have become more plentiful outside of urban centers. At the same time, wages for mid-skilled jobs like manufacturing and office work equalized between cities and rural areas — workers in these jobs can no longer get much of a pay bump by moving into town. Thus, a major route to middle-class prosperity has been closed off.

　　Ⅲ     Some of this can be explained by virtue of the two basic economic reasons for cities to exist in a modern economy — agglomeration, and clustering. Agglomeration refers to the tendency of businesses of all types, but especially manufacturers, to locate near each other. This happens because employers want to be near to employees, who want to be near to the businesses they work for and buy goods from. The result is a city with lots of different industries.

　　Ⅳ    Clustering on the other hand, refers to the tendency of companies within a single industry to want to be near each other. Clustering effects are much stronger in knowledge-based industries like tech and finance, because ideas are their lifeblood, and workers who live near each other tend to share ideas with each other. Clustering also arises because of the need for employers to have access to a deep pool of skilled workers.

　　Ⅴ    As the U.S. economy has transferred manufacturing overseas or automated it, and as consumers have moved from buying more physical goods to buying more digital services, agglomeration has become less important relative to clustering. The smokestack cities of the last century have given way to tech hubs and financial centers.

　　Ⅵ     So what’s to be done in order to help mid-skilled and non-college workers live decent, middle-class lives? And how can the emerging divide between small towns and big cities be arrested? One idea is to build lots more housing in cities, driving down rents and making cities more livable for everyone. Another idea is to use research universities to revitalize economically depressed regions by dispersing knowledge workers to less-populated areas.

　　Ⅶ    But in the end, the government may simply have to step in and intervene on behalf of the services class. Wage subsidies, portable pensions and various other incentives for higher wages can be deployed to make today’s low-skilled jobs more like the good office and factory jobs of yesteryear. The alternative may be to watch non-college workers and small towns fall further behind.

　　Part 2 长难句语法点拨

　　Clustering effects are much stronger in knowledge-based industries like tech and finance, because ideas are their lifeblood, and workers who live near each other tend to share ideas with each other.

　　本句主干为Clustering effects are much stronger。in knowledge-based industries like tech and finance作状语。because原因状语从句包含and连接的两个并列分句，后一分句嵌含定语从句who live near each other修饰workers。

　　Part 3 写作句型借鉴

　　thanks in part to 部分原因归于……

　　原文例句：But starting in about 1980, these jobs began to disappear, thanks in part to offshoring and automation.而大约从1980年开始，这些工作开始消失，部分原因归于外包和自动化。

　　So what’s to be done in order to do XX?One idea is to do AA. Another idea is to do BB.那么，要做些什么来做到XX?一个想法是AA,另一个想法是BB。

　　原文例句：So what’s to be done in order to help mid-skilled and non-college workers live decent, middle-class lives? And how can the emerging divide between small towns and big cities be arrested? One idea is to build lots more housing in cities, driving down rents and making cities more livable for everyone. Another idea is to use research universities to revitalize economically depressed regions by dispersing knowledge workers to less-populated areas.那么，要做些什么来帮助中等技能及未上过大学的工人过上体面的中产生活？又如何来遏制小城镇与大都市之间浮现的裂痕？一个想法是在城市多建住房，压低租金，使城市对所有人都更宜居。另一个想法是借助研究型大学使知识工作者分散到人口较少地区，以复兴经济衰退地区。

　　今天好轻松考研小编整理的历年考研英语外刊常考热点：现代经济就到这里了，希望大家能在题目与答案中找到解题思路。