2018年考研英语(二)Text3真题及答案（阅读理解）

　　相信很多考生都在为考研英语阅读题发愁，其实很多知识点都来自于真题，只要多刷真题，慢慢你就会顺清出题思路及解题技巧，好轻松考研小编给大家整理了2018年考研英语(二)Text3真题及答案（阅读理解），希望在大家刷题的道路上提供帮助。

　　1) The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users ’friendships and social lives.

　　2) Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

　　3) Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.

　　4) The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.

　　31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____.

　　[A] digital products

　　[B] user information

　　[C] physical assets

　　[D] quality service

　　32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may_____.

　　[A] worsen political disputes

　　[B] mess up customer records

　　[C] pose a risk to Facebook users

　　[D] mislead the European commission

　　33. According to the author, competition law_____.

　　[A] should serve the new market powers

　　[B] may worsen the economic imbalance

　　[C] should not provide just one legal solution

　　[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market

　　34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because_____.

　　[A] they are not defined as customers

　　[B] they are not financially reliable

　　[C] the services are generally digital

　　[D] the services are paid for by advertisers

　　35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate_____.

　　[A] a win-win business model between digital giants

　　[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants

　　[C] the benefits provided for digital giants’customers

　　[D] the relationship between digital giants and their users

       答案：

　　31.选项[B]正确。

　　首段①中句破析号后指出 Facebook高价收购设有任何实体产品的WhatsApp,②句暗示原因:WhatsApp能为其提供一张精细的用户朋友关系和社交生活网，即“用户信息”,[B]正确。

　　32.选项[C]正确。

　　第二段②③句指出Facebook背弃承诺,将电话号码与Facebook ID挂钩。其危害是:即使不了解信息的具体内容，但消息接收者与发送者的信息也会极大程度上泄露内情(enormously revealing),如此一来用户自然会面临隐私威胁,[C]正确。

　　33.选项[D]正确。

　　由题干关键词competition law定位至第三段②句直接指出，竞争法笨拙不堪(clumsy),③句引出原因之一:它跟不上数字经济变化的速度,[D]符合文意。

　　34.选项[A]正确。

　　第三段③句引出竞争法的第二个问题:慨念性问题,⑥⑦句进而解释:当前所阐释的法律是“保护消费者不受经济损失(... to consumers)",但问题在手用户(users)没有为服务付钱，不能算作清费者,因而他们难以受到法律保护的原因在于“身份定位问题”，即没被定义为消费者(即顾客),[A]正确。

　　35.选项[D]正确。

　　末段②③句把动物界现象(蚂蚁养殖、保护蚜虫以获取蜜露)与我们的世界(Google养殖/保护我们以获取我们的数据)相类比;未句对这种关系加以讽刺，可见该类比意在揭示以Google、Facebook为代表的科技巨头VS用户之间的不平等关系，[D]符合文义。

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