2018年考研英语(二)Text4真题及答案（阅读理解）

　　相信很多考生都在为考研英语阅读题发愁，其实很多知识点都来自于真题，只要多刷真题，慢慢你就会顺清出题思路及解题技巧，好轻松考研小编给大家整理了2018年考研英语(二)Text4真题及答案（阅读理解），希望在大家刷题的道路上提供帮助。

　　1) To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.

　　2) There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

　　3) Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.

　　4)  Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

　　5) While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

　　6) In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”

　　7) “Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.

　　8) Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

　　9) “What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.

　　36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to _____.

　　[A] keep to your focus time

　　[B] list your immediate tasks

　　[C] make specific daily plans

　　[D] seize every minute to work

　　37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ____.

　　[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency

　　[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying

　　[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

　　[D] detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected

　　38. According to Newport, idleness is _____.

　　[A] a desirable mental state for busy people

　　[B] a major contributor to physical health

　　[C] an effective way to save time and energy

　　[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work

　　39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused ____.

　　[A] can result in psychological well-being

　　[B] can bring about greater efficiency

　　[C] is aimed at better balance in work

　　[D] is driven by task urgency

　　40. This text is mainly about ____.

　　[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life

　　[B] approaches to getting more done in less time

　　[C] the key to eliminating distractions

　　[D] the cause of the lack of focus time

       答案：

　　36.选项[A]正确。

　　第二段在概述了深度工作的几种方法后指出:无论采取哪种方法.关键是(the key is to... )要确定你的专注时间并严格坚守。可知掌握这一技巧的关键是坚守预定的专注时间，[A]正确。

　　37.选项[D]正确。

　　根据题干关键词study in the early 1980s, Harford定位到第四、五段。文中首先指出研究方法:将大学生分成两组，一组制定月度计划，一组制定详细的每日计划。随后论述研究发现:详细的每日计划反而使学生失去动力，留出临时应变空间才能实现效果,可见[D]正确。

　　38.选项[D]正确。

　　根据题干中Newport、idleness定位至七段Newport观点:闲散是大脑所必需.对于完成任何工作来说都非常必要。可见[D]正确。

　　39.选项[B]正确。

　　根据题干人物Pillay定位至八、九段。第八段②有指出Pillay观点:当大脑在专注状态和非专注状态之间切换时，往往更有效率，可见[B]正确。

　　40.选项[B]正确。

　　本文段提出全文话题，拒绝低效忙碌，打造“保度工作”的习惯。第二段说用“深度工作”的多种基本方法及不变的宗旨， 第三至九段论述深度工作.提高工作效率的多种具体策略，可见[B]体现全文核心话题。

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