2020考研英语一翻译精讲 | 第二章 序篇

　　2020英语一翻译精讲 | 第二章 序篇

　　2020年的翻译就是选自这本杂志的部分(背景)的第二章(就是这章)，把画线的五个部分翻译成中文，要求译文准确、完整、通顺(考试大纲说的要求，就这三个要求)，达到这三个要求就可以得10分了。可以自己拿笔和纸写写看，能得几分，动手写，考场上也是要动手写的，不是涂个卡就OK了。看看自己的书写是什么样的，小学老师告诉我们，写作文的时候，字写得好看，可以多得几分，这个潜规则也适用于考研翻译，要是你的书写是狂草，那么，估计阅卷老师也看不懂，你要表达什么。

　　Dare to Know

　　(这个标题的康德在他的一篇文章中用来描述启蒙运动的，就是康德认为，启蒙运动就是勇于/敢于求知，最后一个画线句子有提到)

　　How Europe was shaken by the intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas

　　Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) With the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.

　　During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the Ptolemaic and Aristotlean geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorised in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.

　　(48) Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a rate that the people – including the Church – could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.

　　The Church’s long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century.(49) Many took up the mantle of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era – the Age of Reason.

　　The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50)Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude’ or ‘dare to know’, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.