历年考研英语外刊常考热点：老龄化社会

　　考研英语学习对于大多数人来讲是一件非常头疼的事，特别是考研阅读，生词多，句式复杂，语法生涩让很多同学叫苦不停。其实考研英语中90%的文章基本来源于Times、纽约时报、科学杂志、自然杂志等时文外刊杂志。今天好轻松考研小编给大家带来了历年考研英语外刊常考热点：老龄化社会，希望对大家有帮助哦。

　　原文标题：Shifting views of seniors: less burden, more asset

　　老龄化社会是指老年人口占总人口达到或超过一定的比例的人口结构模型。按照联合国的传统标准是一个地区60岁以上老人达到总人口的10%，新标准是65岁以上老人占总人口的7%，即该地区视为进入老龄化社会。

　　文章脉络：引出现象“年长者发挥重要作用”（段）——反驳当前流行观念“老龄化会对年轻人造成巨大负担”（第二、三段）——进一步指出年龄标签有害，公司应注重年龄多样化、并从中受益（第四、五段）——总结呼吁：改变对年长者的看法将惠及各方（第六段）。

　　Part 1原文

　　Ⅰ Americans of a "certain age" abound at the upper levels of American governance. President Trump is the most obvious example. Just over half of US senators will be 65 or older by the end of this year. On the Supreme Court, five of nine justices are over 65. These "senior citizens" make crucial decisions for the majority of Americans younger than them. Just eight decades ago, when the Social Security system began, 65 was codifiedas the start of "old age." Now many people of that age may feel in the prime of life.

　　Ⅱ Measured by years alone, Americans are on average getting older. A popular notion is that a war is brewing between generations - young working Americans resenting that they must pay more into Social Security and Medicare to support an expanding group of older Americans. There's truth in that sentiment. Last year, there were 25 people over 65 for every 100 people between 18 and 64. And the worker-to-retiree ratio is projected to be even worse by 2030.

　　Ⅲ  But that idea is being challenged. To begin with, programs like Social Security and Medicare can be adjusted, as they have in the past, while certain trends, such as Americans delaying full retirement, could alter the projections. A pair of new government reports show that funding for Medicare will run out in 2026. The Social Security trust fund will dry up by 2034. Despite these warnings, modest fixes are available, including making small changes in the age of eligibility that recognize lengthening life spans. Even that step may not be needed. By one estimate, increasing the Social Security payroll tax by 2.88 percentage points could eliminate the expected revenueshortfall for another three-quarters of a century.

　　Ⅳ But actuarial tables, however useful for government planning, shouldn't impose artificial limits on what older Americans do. Aging isn't what it used to be. Today, 75-year-olds on average will live just as many additional years as the average 65-year-old did in 1952. Categorizing by age can be just as harmful as by gender or race.Labeling people by an age category is a recent phenomenon. The idea of being "middle aged" wasn't popularized until after World War I. Marketing continues to classify Americans by calendar years, walling off the beneficial effects of older and younger people rubbing shoulders.

　　Ⅴ  Companies are beginning to consider age diversity to be as important as racial and gender diversity. Some observers suggest businesses try the "shoe test": Look under desks. If everyone's wearing the same kind of shoes– whether wingtipsor slipper – the business would benefit from more diversity.

　　Ⅵ  Today, suggests one expert, Americans have an opportunity to make a "fresh map of life itself," throwing off outworn ideas about aging. Policies that encourage older Americans to expand the possibilities of their "senior years" will help change limited perceptions and benefit all of society.

　　Part 2长难句语法点拨

　　A popular notion is that a war is brewing between generations - young working Americans resenting that they must pay more into Social Security and Medicare to support an expanding group of older Americans. There's truth in that sentiment.

　　本句主干是 A popular notion is sth. is后面跟that引导的表语从句，a war is brewing between generations，描述popular notion具体内容，其后又用现在分词描述是什么样的战争，现在分词resenting这个动词，接了一个宾语从句，描述resent的内容。

　　Part 3写作句型借鉴

　　Measured by AA alone，……

　　仅从AA看……

　　原文例句：Measured by years alone, Americans are on average getting older仅从年龄看，美国整体上正在走向老龄化。

　　To begin with, programs like ……can be adjusted, as they have in the past, while certain trends, such as ……, could alter the projections.

　　首先，……计划可以一如过去进行调整，而某些趋势，如……，可能会改变当前预测。

　　原文例句：To begin with, programs like Social Security and Medicare can be adjusted, as they have in the past, while certain trends, such as Americans delaying full retirement, could alter the projections.

　　首先，社会保障及医保计划可以一如过去进行调整，而某些趋势，如美国人在推迟完全退休，可能会改变当前预测。

　　But AA, however adj for sth, shouldn't impose artificial limits on ……

　　但是无论AA……，都不应对……进行人为设限。

　　原文例句：But actuarial tables, however useful for government planning, shouldn't impose artificial limits on what older Americans do.  但是无论精算统计对政府规划多么有效，都不应对老年美国人做什么进行人为设限。

　　今天好轻松考研小编整理的历年考研英语外刊常考热点：老龄化社会就到这里了，希望大家能在题目与答案中找到解题思路。