历年考研英语外刊常考热点：体系、体制

　　考研英语学习对于大多数人来讲是一件非常头疼的事，特别是考研阅读，生词多，句式复杂，语法生涩让很多同学叫苦不停。其实考研英语中90%的文章基本来源于Times、纽约时报、科学杂志、自然杂志等时文外刊杂志。今天好轻松考研小编给大家带来了历年考研英语外刊常考热点：体系、体制，希望对大家有帮助哦。

　　原文标题：

　　Can Starbucks Save the MiddleClass？No. But It Might Ruin Higher Education.

　　考研英语常考热点-体系、体制

　　美国高等院校分类：①Doctorate-granting Universities研究性综合大学 ，提供学士（Bachelor）、硕士（Master）、博士（Doctor）等学位，在美国高等教育系统中占有显赫的地位，有私立和公立之分。②Master-Granting UniversitiesLiberal Arts Colleges地区级大学，提供副学士、学士、硕士学位，硕士多侧重职业教育，比较实用，毕业后好找工作；申请竞争不是很厉害，比较容易被录取；③文理学院主要提供学士学位，少数文书学院提供硕士学位，教学以文理学科为主，培养贵族精英。④Community College 社区大学，社区学院主要提供副学士学位，很少学校提供学士学位。

　　雇主资助式医疗：美国的医疗体制是私人保险模式，即由雇主为雇员购买商业医疗保险，作为公司提供的福利的一部分。在美国，政府的角色仅限定为给特定人群提供医疗保险，主要包括65岁以上的老人和部分穷人。美国模式下，如果一个人没有工作，或者其雇主不为雇员购买医疗保险，那么他(她)很可能就没有任何医疗保险。美国昂贵的商业保险价格进一步加剧了这种可能性。这种模式意味着医疗保险会随着工作的失去而失去，因此，雇员越来越不敢与雇主对抗或发生矛盾，雇主则凭此获得更高的谈判力量。

　　脉络:

　　介绍校企联合新动向“为员工提供高等教育机会”（首段）——分析好处（第二段）——与医疗体系类比，转折提出应当警惕“校企联合成为进入大学的新常规方式”（第三、四段）——分析高等教育可能因此受到的不利影响（第五至七段）——总结全文（末段）。

　　Part 1 原文

　　Ⅰ   A number of large employers have gained praise recently for creating higher-education benefits for their employees in partnership with universities. For example, Starbucks has established a program through Arizona State University; Walmart has partnered with several institutions. Arizona State is planning to create a for-profit subsidiary to broker employer-university partnerships on an even larger scale.

　　Ⅱ  These programs have generally been seen as both innovative and enlightened; they provide evidence that employers are willing to invest in their workers—many of whom are at entry-level, low-skill jobs—and that universities are developing new ways to expand access and respond to the needs of the work force. At first glance, arrangements such as these appear to deliver benefits to everyone concerned. Employers gain from more stable and better-educated workers; employees gain access to educational programs they might not otherwise have; and universities hungry for revenue gain a new wholesale business model to supplement the traditional retail approach.

　　Ⅲ    While it is easy to appreciate both the good intentions and the opportunities represented by these arrangements, we should be concerned if they become the new standard pathway to college. Doing so could replicate the problems created decades ago when access to health care became linked to employment.

　　Ⅳ  Employer-sponsored health-care plans became prevalent during World War II as a way for companies to skirt federal wage freezes, and as health-care costs rose, employer-sponsored health insurance became the only way most people could afford even basic medical care. The unintended consequences have haunted us ever since. We have developed the most unequal and expensive system of health care in the world. The system has created powerful vested interests that consistently stand in the way of reform. The link between employment and health insurance also effectively privatizes an important public-policy issue and has allowed the federal government to avoid addressing it adequately for decades.

　　Ⅴ      It is not difficult to imagine a similar fate for higher education. If employment becomes a precondition for most people to gain a college degree, it will freeze many people out of the system.

　　Ⅵ      If the standard cost of education becomes a matter of private negotiation between companies and universities, the experience from health care suggests that it will skyrocket even more. Colleges, as rational economic actors, may limit or reduce their commitments to financial aid, preferring instead to attract students who are subsidized by their employers.

　　Ⅶ     Finally, and perhaps most importantly, it will become increasingly difficult to claim that higher education is a public good that deserves sustained support from states and the federal government if it is dominated by private arrangements among firms and universities.

　　Ⅷ   Public education has been radically defunded by state governments in recent years, and new ways must be found to maintain access to good quality institutions at reasonable cost to students. But those who most need education also most need jobs and frequently cannot get them. Linking access more closely to employment could worsen a vicious cycle that is already unacceptable.

　　Part 2 长难句语法点拨

　　While it is easy to appreciate both the good intentions and the opportunities represented by these arrangements, we should be concerned if they become the new standard pathway to college.

　　本句主句为we should be concerned if they become the new standard pathway to college.但如果它们成为新的通往大学的标准途径，我们则应感到担忧。前接while引导的让步状语从句，虽然……但是……。

　　Part 3 写作句型借鉴

　　At first glance, arrangements/plans/actions…… such as these appear to deliver benefits to everyone concerned.乍一看，这类约定/计划/行动……似乎能给所有相关方带来好处。

　　原文例句： At first glance, arrangements such as these appear to deliver benefits to everyone concerned.乍一看，这类约定似乎能给所有相关方带来好处。

　　Doing so could replicate the problems created decades ago when ……这会重蹈几十年前……的覆辙。

　　原文例句：Doing so could replicate the problems created decades ago when access to health care became linked to employment.这会重蹈几十年前将医疗与就业挂钩的覆辙。

　　今天好轻松考研小编整理的历年考研英语外刊常考热点：体系、体制就到这里了，希望大家能在题目与答案中找到解题思路。