2012年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析

　　现在已经十一月底了，距离考研的时间越来越近了，由于各位考生英语基础不同，复习素材可能不一样，进度也会有很大的差异，所以，好轻松考研小编给大家整理了2012年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析，希望对大家有帮助。

　　Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science.Newton's laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything- a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplifcation, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.

　　This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world's languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

　　That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language- acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky's grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.

       答案解析：

　　46. [解析] 本题语法结构并不复杂，关键在于对于概念陌生的unification的正确把握。unification 是动词unify的名词形式，意为"统-、-元化”。然而，结合上段最后-句: Newton's laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework。以及本句并列结构后半部分，可以把握在本文中，意为: -致的解释理论。另外，本句最后还到对定语从句的考查: we see为all的定语从句。

　　47. [解析]本句语法结构并不复杂, for 为连词,意为“因为"。后半句涉及到对于形式主语的考查。

　　48. [解析]本句主语为不定式短语to filter out what is unique from what is shared,谓语部分为enable sb to do sth。其中考查了4个宾语从句，语法结构方面较上两句复杂。句中代词it指代complex cultural behavior;term -词,考生可联想短语in terms of(就..而言,在..方面)来选择恰当词义;filter out意为:“过滤掉、 筛除、淘汰"。

　　49. [解析]本题考点涉及代词的还原，现在分词做状语,过去分词做后置定语，非限制性定语从句以及被动。句首the second,回上文寻找，可在上段句找到The most famous of these efforts was initiated by NoamChomsky,其中initiate为"发起、创始”，可推知此处为the second effort,即上文的two previous attempts;shared by many language 修饰traits;which引导的定语从句，同样修饰traits;定语从句的中的被动语态可采用主动的译法，添加主语"人们"。

　　50. [解析]语法结构方面，本句考查了定语从句，过去分词做后置定语,并列结构等。词汇方面, family tree词义的选择,可借助上文by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages，可判断为语言的谱系，后文代词it指代family tree.

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