2021考研英语：语法长难句之定语从句和状语从句

今天介绍的是考研英语长难句中定语从句和状语从句的内容，语法的相关内容希望大家重点掌握。

部分：定语从句

一、理论常识

在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句。

结构：先行词+关系词(分为关系副词和关系代词)+从句

关系代词(that , who , which , whose , as)

关系副词(when , where , why , how)

定语从句分为限制性定语从句及非限制定语从句，限定从直接放在先行词后，非限定从与先行词之间要加逗号。

二、试题举例

例句1：

The Aswan Dam , for example , stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity .

【重点词汇解析】deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物;silt，n. 淤泥 v. (使)淤塞

【参考翻译】例如，阿斯旺大坝阻止了尼罗河的洪水侵袭，但是也夺去了埃及的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥---这一切换来的却是一个巨大的病态的水库，这个水库积满了淤泥，以至于几乎不能发电了。

例句2：

The second , by Joshua Greenberge , takes a more empirical approach to universality , identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages , which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints . (2012,49)

【重点词汇解析】empirical，adj. 经验主义的;result from 由……造成;cognitive，adj. 认知的

【参考翻译】第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚·格林伯格，他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性，确认多种语言(尤其是语序方面的)共同特征，这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。

例句3：

His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision . (2006,47)

【重点词汇解析】analogous，adj. 类似的;reveal，vt. 揭露;reason，n. 理由 v. 推论

【参考翻译】他的职责类似于法官的职责，后者必须承担起这样的责任：用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程。

第二部分：状语从句

一、理论常识

状语从句，属于副词性从句，简单说就是从句在句子中担任状语，分为时间、目的、地点、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、原因9种状语从句。

时间引导词：when , after , before , while , until , till , since , as soon as , everytime , the moment等

地点引导词：where , wherever等

原因引导词：because , since=now that , as等

条件引导词：if , whether , unless , as long as ,on condition that , providing that等

结果引导词：so / such ... that , so等

目的引导词：in order that , so that等

让步引导词：though , although , however , whatever=no matter what even if , even though , as (倒装) 等

方式引导词：as , as if等

比较引导词:than , as ... as , the more ... , the more ... 等

二、试题举例

例句1：

While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role , informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development .

【重点词汇解析】transmit，vt. 传输、传播 vi. 传输、发射信号;(in)formal，adj. (非)正式的

【参考翻译】尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的，非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。

例句2：

While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others , and thus lead to conflict , it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable , although competition is .

【重点词汇解析】territory，n. 领土、版图;expense，n. 代价、损失 vt. 向……收取费用;inevitable，adj. 不可避免的

【参考翻译】虽然这种竞争会引发以他人利益为代价的领土扩张行动，因此也会引发冲突，但却不能认为类似于战争的国家间的冲突不可避免，尽管竞争是不可避免的。

例句3：

While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed , this need not always be the case .

【重点词汇解析】favor，vt. 喜欢、赞成 n. 喜爱

【参考翻译】尽管迄今为止互联网似乎更加青睐国际社会中的发达领域，而非不太发达的领域，情形并不总是如此。

以上就是好轻松考研小编关于考研英语长难句之定语从句和状语从句的解析，希望能帮助到大家。