历年考研英语外刊常考热点：高校扩招

　　考研英语学习对于大多数人来讲是一件非常头疼的事，特别是考研阅读，生词多，句式复杂，语法生涩让很多同学叫苦不停。其实考研英语中90%的文章基本来源于Times、纽约时报、科学杂志、自然杂志等时文外刊杂志。今天好轻松考研小编给大家带来了历年考研英语外刊常考热点：高校扩招，希望对大家有帮助哦。

　　原文标题：TTime to end the academic arms race

　　高校扩招一方面让更多的人接受高等教育，提升了社会人力资本水平；另一方面大量增加的高校毕业生对劳动力市场产生了冲击，导致了所谓的“大学生就业难”现象。“大学生就业难”给政策制定者提出了是否应该继续扩大高等教育规模的问题。

　　文章脉络：

　　引出现象“政府痴迷高等教育”并作出总体评判（段）—— 论证观点“高等教育的扩张对个人和社会收益不大”（第二至四段）——提出建议（第五、六段）——总结呼吁：停止学术军备竞赛（第七段）。

　　Part 1 原文

　　Ⅰ Governments are keen on higher education, seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth. Almost all subsidise tuition--in America, to the tune of $200bn a year. But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education. Often, public money just feeds the arms race for qualifications.

　　Ⅱ  As more young people seek degrees, the returns both to them and to governments are lower. Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.

　　Ⅲ  Spending on universities is usually justified by the "graduate premium"--the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates. These individual gains, the thinking goes, add up to an economic boost for society as a whole. But the graduate premium is a flawed unit of reckoning. Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates. It is also a signal to employers of general qualities that someone already has in order to get into a university. Some professions require qualifications. But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job. With degrees so common, recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants. Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.

　　Ⅳ  In any case, the premium counts only the winners and not the losers. Across the rich world, a third of university entrants never graduate. It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands and who are most likely to drop out. They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study, but see little boost in their future incomes. When dropouts are included, the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest students dwindles to almost nothing.

　　Ⅴ Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school. They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices. Most insist on degrees for public-sector jobs that used to be done by non-graduates. Instead they should seek other ways for non-graduates to prove they have the right skills and to get more on-the-job training.

　　Ⅵ  School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector. If school qualifications were made more rigorous, recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability, and less insistent on degrees. "Micro-credentials"--short, work-focused courses approved by big employers in fast-growing fields, such as IT--show promise.

　　Ⅶ Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productivity and should save public money. To promote social mobility, governments should direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it. Young people， both rich and poor, are ill-served by the academic arms race, in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing. It is time to disarm.

　　Part 2长难句语法点拨

　　If school qualifications were made more rigorous, recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability, and less insistent on degrees.

　　本句主干为recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability, and less insistent on degrees. “雇主们就更有可能将其视为能力的凭证，而不再如此强求学位。”前一个分句中would be more likely to do sth看成一个整体。前面接了了一个if引导的条件状语从句：“如果学校的证书能更严格”

　　Part 3写作句型借鉴

　　(主句)……seeing it as a means to do sth.

　　将其视为……的途径

　　原文例句：Governments are keen on higher education, seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.政府们痴迷于高等教育，将其视为促进社会流动和经济增长的途径。

　　Part of the usefulness of AA is that……

　　AA的部分用处在于……

　　原文例句：Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.学位的部分用处在于以非毕业生为代价赋予毕业生求职优势。

　　When XX are included, the expected return to YY dwindles to almost nothing.

　　如果将XX考虑在内，那么YY的预期回报会降低至几乎为零。

　　原文例句：When dropouts are included, the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest students dwindles to almost nothing. 如果将辍学者考虑在内，那么让最弱的学生攻读学位的预期经济回报会降低至几乎为零。

　　今天好轻松考研小编整理的历年考研英语外刊常考热点：高校扩招就到这里了，希望大家能在题目与答案中找到解题思路。