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考研英语阅读理解破解文章大意有妙招?

2020-07-29 15:21 来源:互联网 作者:考研小编
摘要:考研英语阅读理解历来是考研备考中的重中之重。在破解阅读理解的过程中,掌握每篇文章的篇章大意、包括每个段落的大意,一直是阅读考核的核心。在抓段落主旨的过程中,通常有这些一些原则。

  考研英语阅读理解历来是考研备考中的重中之重。在破解阅读理解的过程中,掌握每篇文章的篇章大意、包括每个段落的大意,一直是阅读考核的核心。在抓段落主旨的过程中,通常有这些一些原则。

考研英语阅读理解破解文章大意有妙招?

  首段原则应用于根据首段内容所设置的题目,它包括两种形式:首句原则和末句原则。

  1.首句原则

  回顾近几年的考研阅读题,细心的考生会发现历年考研试卷中都有题目针对首段句话设问,为什么会出现这种情况?

  原因很简单,考研阅读所选的文章均是议论文和说明文,此类文章的文体要求在首段提出观点、突出中心,因此段就好像全篇文章的一个总纲,确定了文章的主要内容,而句话常常是一个自然段的主题句,首段首句自然就成为常考且必考的一个考点。

  例

  It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health_care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.

  56. What is implied in the first sentence?

  [A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.

  [B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.

  [C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.

  [D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.

  [2003年56题]

  C[正确答案]

  2.末句原则

  有时一个自然段的主题句也会出现在段末。通常,作者会在段首及段中介绍各种新闻背景,如引出话题,并衬托问题的重要性,在段尾进行要点提炼,此时,考点也会相应转向末句。

  例

  Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase "substance abus" is often used instead of "drug abuse" to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

  59.“Substance abuse" is preferable to "drug abuse" in that________

  [A] substance can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used

  [B] "drug abuse" is only related to a limited number or drug takers

  [C] alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine

  [D] many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous[1997年59题]

  D[正确答案]

  练习一

  For America's children the education system is often literally a lottery. That is the main message of a new documentary about America's schools, "Waiting for 'superman'." It is intended to create a surge in public support for education reform at least as great as the clamour to do something about climate change generated by Al Gore's eco-disaster flick.

  In Paragraph 1, the text suggests that ________.

  [A]a new documentary movie will be shown soon

  [B]climate change craves for public support

  [C]American children have a rare chance of going to the decent schools

  [D]according to the name of the documentary, it is a movie about a super hero

  练习二

  Authoritative new study sets out a grim vision of shortages and violence—but amid all the gloom, there is hope too. An effort on the scale of the Apollo mission that sent men to the moon is needed if humanity is to have a fighting chance of surviving the ravages of climate change. The stakes are high, as without sustainable growth, "billions of people will be condemned to poverty and much of civilization will collapse."

  It is indicated in Paragraph 1 that ________.

  [A]addressing climate change calls for massive endeavors

  [B]shortages and violence are inevitable in the future

  [C]human should send men to the moon to solve climate change

  [D]people haven’t paid enough attention to climate change

  练习三

  Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, in the hopes that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding usage across the world, the same tactics apply.

  We learn from paragraph 1 that advertising on the web ________.

  [A]has displaced more traditional methods of advertising

  [B]is the only way to make profit on the Internet

  [C]is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings

  [D]seeks to lure customers primarily through impulse shopping methods

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