神转折!这道考研阅读送分题你要不要?

　　考研英语阅读理解中的议论文和说明文都强调逻辑的严谨性，而转折和对比常常可以用来测试考生在这一方面的阅读理解能力，所以考生对文中的转折和对比关系应高度重视，只要看到标明转折或对比的关系词如but/however等，就应当立即在原文上进行圈点。

　　一般说来转折后的内容多与上文所表达的意思相反，而对比往往是强调其中的一方。

　　由于考研阅读文章来源多为新闻报道，而新闻报道最注重讲“新鲜事”，因此在首段(或前几段)势必要讲一件“新”(相对偏离常规)的内容，所以文章常常以“常规”开头，以转折引出“非常规”事件，随后才展开对事件的报道或评论。因此，首段的转折之笔常常为全文的主旨所伏。聪明的读者在读完首段，应该大致猜测出全文的重点。

　　例1

　　Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is human kind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.

　　The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that _______.(转折)

　　[A] people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality

　　[B] the blind could be happier than the sighted

　　[C] over_excited people tend to neglect vital things

　　[D] fascination makes people lose their eyesight[1998年51题]

　　C[正确答案]

　　与转折有异曲同工之妙的是首段中的时间对比关系。其常见模式为：“过去/通常/曾经……，如今/现在/最近……”。你猜到了吗?最近发生的事情就是新闻，就是这篇文章的叙述重心。

　　例2

　　For a decade, metallurgists studying the hulk of the Titanic have argued that the storied ocean liner went down quickly after hitting an iceberg because the ship’s builder used substandard rivets(铆钉)that popped their heads and let tons of icy seawater rush in. More than 1,500 people died.

　　Now a team of scientists has moved into deeper waters, uncovering evidence in the builder’s own archives of a deadly mix of great ambition and use of low-quality iron that doomed the ship, which sank 96 years ago Tuesday.(《2021考研英语阅读理解精读200篇》，p320)

　　10. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　[A]Scientists May Have Found Titanic’s Weak Link

　　[B]In Weak Rivets, A Possible Key to Titanic’s Doom

　　[C]The Riddle of Titanic

　　[D]Harland and Wolff, Sinner of Titanic

　　B[正确答案]

　　不瞎扯!看看下面这些文章的首段(或前两段)，你能猜出全文的主题是什么吗?

　　练习一

　　For decades, research universities in the US have been universally acknowledged as the world’s leaders in science and engineering, unsurpassed since World War II in the sheer volume and excellence of the scholarship and innovation that they generate. But there are growing signs that the rest of the world is gaining ground fast—building new universities, improving existing ones, competing hard for the best students, and recruiting US-trained PhDs to return home to work in university and industry labs. Is the international scholarly pecking order about to be overturned?(《2021考研英语阅读理解精读200篇》，p210)

　　20. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　[A]The Globalization of Academic Enterprise

　　[B]Educational Protectionism

　　[C]The Great Brain Race

　　[D]How Should the US Respond to the Expansion of Knowledge

　　练习二

　　Authoritative new study sets out a grim vision of shortages and violence—but amid all the gloom, there is hope too. An effort on the scale of the Apollo mission that sent men to the moon is needed if humanity is to have a fighting chance of surviving the ravages of climate change. The stakes are high, as without sustainable growth, “billions of people will be condemned to poverty and much of civilization will collapse.”(《2021考研英语阅读理解精读200篇》，p219)

　　1. It is indicated in Paragraph 1 that ________.

　　[A]addressing climate change calls for massive endeavors

　　[B]shortages and violence are inevitable in the future

　　[C]human should send men to the moon to solve climate change

　　[D]people haven’t paid enough attention to climate change

　　练习三

　　America is used to making the economic weather. It has the world’s largest economy, it’s most influential central bank and it issued the main global reserve currency. In recent months,however, some rich-world economies (notably German’s) have basked in the sunshine even as the clouds gathered over America.(《2021考研英语阅读理解精读200篇》，P223)

　　16. The underlines sentence in the 1st paragraph shows that _________.

　　[A]America will still make the economic weather in the future

　　[B]America’s status as the world economic leader is declining

　　[C]German has the potential to be the future leader in global economics

　　[D]economics seem to start diverging inside the rich countries

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