考研英语语法精要—倒装结构

倒装结构     

倒装是指句子成分不是按主语在前、 谓语在后的正常语序排列， 而是将谓语或谓语的一部分移到主 语之前。 倒装是一种修辞手段， 目的是为了强调。 倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装， 考试多为部分倒 装。 考生应掌握什么情况下需要倒装 , 并对倒装后的句子能够认出来， 避免做题时候的盲目和迷茫。   

一．用全部倒装的情况  

全部倒装一般是存在以下列副词开头的句子中， 全部倒装的方法是把句子的主谓语序颠倒过来， 把 谓语移到主语前面：   1 ）出于修辞需要，表示方向的副词： out, down, in ,up ,  a w a y , on 。

如：Down jumped the burglar from  the tenth floor when he he ard someone shouted at him. 

Up went the plane  

2) 出于习惯用法： here, there, now ,  thus , hence, then. 

如：Now is y o ur turn. There goes the bell.    

Here is  a tick et for y o u    

There exi s ted a certain doubt among the st udents as to the necessity of work    注意： here ， there 用于倒装结构时主语一般为名词，如果是人称代词则不需要倒装    

“   where is the cup ？”   

“ Here it is ！ ”    

Here you are.    

There he comes.

3) 有时主语较长，为了使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，主谓要全部倒装。这种情况多出现在主系表 结构中。

如: Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philo soph y of life.    

In between these two extremes are those people who agree with  the jury system as  a whole, but feel that some changes need to be implemented to improve its  effectiveness.    

二．采用部分倒装情况

部分倒装一般是把句子谓语的一部分（主要是助动词或系动词）放到句子主语前，构成部分倒装， 而全部倒装则把句子的谓语（包括实义动词）都放在主语前 

1 ．下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状 语时，若置于句首，句子的主谓要部分倒装：   

never, no, nei the r, not only, hardly , scar cely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, 

nowhere ,  at no time ,  on no account ,  in no  respect ,  in no sense ,  by no  means ,  in vain, still less 。 

如: Not only is its direct attack on their di scipline, it bypasses the essence of what  sociologists focus on.    

Under no circumstances should we do an yt hing that will benefit ourselv e s but harm  the interests of the state.    (1985 年考研题 ) 

注： 1) 如果谓语动词是单个实义动词，倒装时需根据人称和时态加助动词 do 。

如：Little did we expect that he would fulf ill his task so r a pidly .  （ 1983 年考研题）  

2 ）考生要广义理解“句首”的概念，注意从句的句首和并列分句的句首均为句首。

如：Suddenly , Gallup’s name was on everyone’ s   lips; not only was he the prophet of the  moment, but it was generally believed that  he had founded  a new and most important   method of prediction.    

2 ．以 only 修饰状语（副词，介词短语，状语从句）开 头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装：   

only  then , only at that time, only  once , only in this way, only with, only through,  only by,  only when, only  after, only because 。 

如： Only when you have  obtained sufficient data come to a sound conclusion.    

[A]can you [B]would you [C]you will [D]you can  

3 ．以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装：   

often, so, well, to such a  degree, to such an extent,  to such extremes,  to such 

a point, many a time 。 

如： So involved with their computers that le aders at summer computer camps often have   to force them to break for sports and games.    

[A]became the children [B]become the children    

[C]had the children become [D]do the children become   (2001 年考研题，答案为 D)    

4 ．比较从句的倒装：   

as, than 引导的比较从句中， 如果主语是名词短语且较 长， 经常采用倒装结构 （不倒装也可以） 。

注意：这种结构主语一般为名词，如果是代词则不倒装。 

如： Hy drogen burns much more cleanly than do  other fuels and is easy to produce.    

Today’s electuic cars cannot go as fast as  gasoline-driven vehicles because the battery  does not offer the same amount of energy as does gasoline combustion.    

Reading is  to the mind as  is exercise to the body . 

5 ．用于前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（物 ）的肯定句或否定句中的倒装  

1 ） 肯定重复倒装用： so They have  got up , and so has jack    

2)  否定重复倒装用： nor ,  neither ,  no more    

If you don’t agree to our plan, neither  will they 

6 ．“ not only..but also ”结构时，如果 not only  放在句首，则前半句 but (also) 句子后

面不倒装   

Not only did we lose all our money ,  but we also came close to being brok e.   

三．   特殊的倒装结构  

特殊形式的倒装结构是指句子虽然是倒装结构， 但不是主谓倒装， 而往往是出于强调的需要， 把强 调部分移到句首， 而其它部分顺序不需要改变， 句子主谓不需要倒装。 出现这样的情况有以下几种 可能： 

1 ．让步从句的倒装。  

1 ） as 引导让步状语从句，必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。 

如：  Much as I have  traveled, I have  never seen anyone to equal her ,  in thoroughness,  whatever the job . Brave as they are, they are afraid of fight  

2 ） ．出现在句型 be+ 主语 + 其他， come what may 中。

如： While it ’ s  true that we all need a career , preferably a profitable one, it is equally true  that our civilization has accumulated an  incredible amount of knowledge—be it  scientific or artistic.    

The business of each day selling goods or  shipping them, went quite smoothly . 

[A] it being [B] be it [C] w a s it [D] it w a s ( 答案为 B) 

3) no matter how(who … );howev er 引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构， 但不是主谓倒装， 而是将被强调的内容置于句首。

如：No matter how busy he is , he has to attend the meeting    

However cold it is ,  he always goes swimming.