2025-02-11
情态动词
一.情态动词的现在完成式的用法
情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能:表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面 must/ m us tn’ t, ;can/ cann’ t; ne ed/needn’ t;ma y/ma yn’ t;mi g ht/mig htn’ t ;should/s hould n’ t; ougtht 等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的
1 .表示已经发生的情况。
1 ) must ha v e + 过去分词,表示对已发生情况的肯定推测,译为“ (昨天)一定……” 。
如: My pain apparent t h e moment I w a lk ed in to the room, for the first man I met ask e d sympathe tically:” Are y o u feeling all right?”
[A] must be [B] had been [C] must ha v e been [D] had to be
(答案为 C )
2 ) can’ t / couldn’ t ha v e + 过去分词, 表示对已发生情况的否定推测, 译为 “ (昨天) 一定没……” 。 如:
Mary m y l e tter; otherwise she would ha v e replie d before now .
[A] couldn’ t ha v e receiv ed [B] ought to ha v e receiv ed
[C] has receiv ed [D] shouldn’ t ha v e receiv ed
(答案为 A )
3 ) ma y / migh t ha v e + 过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实 上根本没发生,译为“也许……” 。
如: A t Florida P o wer ’ s Crystal Ri v e r plant, a potentially serious leakage of r a dioactiv e w a ter ma y ha v e been unkno wingly caused by an electrician.
2 .表示虚拟语气。
1) needn’ t ha v e + 过去分词,表示做了不必做的事,相当于” di dn’ t need to do ” , 译为“其 实没必要……” 。
如:Y o u needn’ t ha v e come o v er y o urself . As it turned out to be a small house party , we s o formally .
[A] needn’ t dress up [B]did not need ha v e dressed up [C] did no t need dress up [D] needn’ t ha v e dressed up
( 没有必要穿的那么正式,体现是说话者的建议,实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定,答案为 D)
2 ) should ha v e + 过去分词,表示应该做某事但实际上未做,译为 “本应该……” should not + ha v e 过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了,译为“本不应该……” 。
如: I regret h a ving left the work unfinished; I should ha v e planned ev erything ahead carefully . 我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好, 但实际上作者还是没有规划好, 以至工作没有完成。
3) ought to ha v e + 过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,但实际上未发生,译为“该……” ,与 should 的完成式含义类似。
如: T h e p o r t e r o u g h t t o h a v e c a l l e d t h e f i r e - b r i g a d e a s s o o n a s h e s a w t h e f i r e i n t h e s t o c k , which we nt up in s m ok e .
4) could ha v e + 过去分词,表示过去本来可以做但却未做,译为“完全可以……” 。这点与 ought/should/ ha v e + 过去分词用法相似。
如: What y o u said is ri ght, but y o u could ha v e phr a sed it more tactfully .
5) ma y/ migh t ha v e + 过去分词,表示过去可以做但实际未做,译为“ (那样)也许会……” 。
如: It might ha v e been better to include more punch y statistics and photos of equipme n t in the intr oduction to furt her assist firs t - time office automation managers.
二.几个情态动词常考的句型:
1) . ma y/migh t (ju s t) as well “不妨,” ,与 had bette r 相近;
Since the flight w a s cancelled, y o u might as well go by tr ain.
既然航班已经取消了,你不妨乘火车吧。相当于 y o u had better go by tr ain 。
2) . cannot / can’ t … too …“越……越好,怎么也不过分” 。注意这个句型的变体 cannot … ove r … .
如: Y o u cannot be too careful when y o u driv e a car . 驾车时候,越小心越好。
The final c h apter co v e rs organizational ch ange and dev e lopment . This subject cannot be o v er emphasiz e d .
3) . used n’ t 或 did ’ t use to 为 used to (do) 的否定式。
4) . should 除了“应该”一层意思外,考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。
如: I didn’ t expect that he should ha v e beha v e d lik e that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做。
三.情态动词被动关系的主动表达法
1 .want, require , worth (形容词)后面接 doing 也可以表示被动意义。
Y o ur hair w a nts cut ting
The book is worth reading
The floor requires w a shing.
2 .need 既可以用 need to be done 也可以使用 need doing ,两种形式都表达被动的意 义
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The w a tch needed repairing= the w a tch needed to be repaired.