历年考研英语外刊常考热点：识别技术平台棘手的‘黑暗模式’

　　考研英语学习对于大多数人来讲是一件非常头疼的事，特别是考研阅读，生词多，句式复杂，语法生涩让很多同学叫苦不停。其实考研英语中90%的文章基本来源于Times、纽约时报、科学杂志、自然杂志等时文外刊杂志。下面，好轻松考研小编给大家带来了历年考研英语外刊常考热点：识别技术平台棘手的‘黑暗模式’，希望对大家有帮助哦。

　　原文标题：Discerning tech’s tricky ‘dark patterns’

　　Facebook’s attempt at manipulating the moods of its users（脸谱网操纵用户情绪）指2014年6月曝出的脸谱网数据科学家在用户不知情的情况下，篡改其消息回复从而进行情绪反应观察研究一事。

　　Part 1原文

　　Ⅰ   “Dark patterns” may sound like the title of a horror film going straight to DVD, but it is also the latest buzzword in the congressional conversation about Internet governance. Sens. Mark R. Warner and Deb Fischer have introduced a bill that would bar technology companies from employing deceptive techniques to get users to make choices they otherwise would not, including consenting to data collection.

　　Ⅱ Another, less abnormal term for dark patterns is “nudges” — tricks based on psychological biases that platforms design into their systems to encourage users to complete transactions. Maybe data-sharing is turned on by default and takes tens of clicks to turn off, or maybe users must navigate a digital maze to cancel their accounts. Maybe a false dirty mark appears on an advertisement so a smartphone user trying to wipe it off ends up clicking. Maybe a box to purchase insurance for a flight reservation is automatically checked “yes.”

　　Ⅲ Mr. Warner and Ms. Fischer’s bill is about more than data protection, but Mr. Warner has said he hopes it can be incorporated into a larger privacy package from Congress all the same. That makes sense. The focus on companies’ coercive practices is another much-needed acknowledgment that the notice-and-consent model1 defining the data economy today is inadequate. A privacy law including some sort of duty of care should restrict not only what companies can do with user data but also how they can exploit users’ limitations against them to extract more information than consumers would otherwise provide. Banning dark patterns would also bear on how consumers can exercise any rights Congress grants them to access, correct and delete their data.

　　Ⅳ Still, there is cause for caution. Distinguishing unethical coercion from design choices meant to make things run more smoothly may prove difficult. Other parts of the bill present similar balancing problems: The legislation requires that users be informed before they become subjects of behavioral studies. (Facebook’s attempt at manipulating the moods of its users2 comes to mind.) That’s great, but some worry that the constraint would effectively bar platforms from testing site features against one another altogether, despite the bill’s safe harbor for small experiments used to determine consumer preferences. A prohibition on addictive features in products directed toward children also leaves open exactly which platforms would be on the hook.

　　Ⅴ There’s a lot to like in the so-called Detour Act, but there’s also a lot to hammer out. The good news is that this latest buzzword signals a broader shift in the data debate toward putting the responsibility on platforms not to trick users, instead of putting the responsibility on users not to get tricked.

　　Part 2长难句语法点拨

　　Sens. Mark R. Warner and Deb Fischer have introduced a bill that would bar technology companies from employing deceptive techniques to get users to make choices they otherwise would not, including consenting to data collection.

　　本句主句为“主谓宾”结构，主语为Sens. Mark R. Warner and Deb Fisher，谓语为have introduced，宾语为a bill，that would bar technology...collection为定语从句，对bill进行解释说明。定语从句主语为引导词that，指代所修饰名词bill，定语从句的主干为A would bar B from doing sth，A禁止B做某事，to get users...not为动词不定式做目的状语，修饰employing deceptive techniques。including ... collection部分对choices进行解释说明。

　　Part 3写作句型借鉴

　　The focus on XX is another much-needed acknowledgment that YY.

　　对XX的关注意味着另一件事很需要承认，那就是YY.

　　原文例句：The focus on companies’ coercive practices is another much-needed acknowledgment that the notice-and-consent model1 defining the data economy today is inadequate. 对技术公司强制做法的关注意味着另一件事很需要承认，那就是界定现今数据经济的“给予通知-获取同意”的模式是不充分的。

　　XX would also bear on how people can exercise any rights AA grants them to do sth.

　　XX也涉及人们如何行使AA给予的……权利。

　　原文例句：Banning dark patterns would also bear on how consumers can exercise any rights Congress grants them to access, correct and delete their data.禁止黑暗模式也涉及用户如何行使国会给予的获取、纠正和删除自身数据的权利。

　　There’s a lot to like in AA, but there’s also a lot to hammer out.

　　AA有很多令人欣喜的内容，但也有很多内容有待充分研讨,

　　原文例句：There’s a lot to like in the so-called Detour Act, but there’s also a lot to hammer out. 这项所谓的《迂回法案》有很多令人欣喜的内容，但也有很多内容有待充分研讨

　　以上就是小编给大家介绍的历年考研英语外刊常考热点：识别技术平台棘手的‘黑暗模式’，希望对大家有帮助。