历年考研英语外刊常考热点：市场

　　在考研英语中，阅读是分值以及难度系数的考题，考生也要拥有大量的词汇，同时还要拥有丰富的阅读经验，尤其是外刊杂志，因为很多考研文章都来自于国外的报刊杂志，所以为了帮助大家复习，好轻松考研小编给大家整理了历年考研英语外刊常考热点：市场，一起来看看吧。

　　原文标题：America should get rid of oppressive job licensing

　　国家职业资格证书制度是劳动就业制度的一项重要内容，也是一种特殊形式的国家考试制度。它是指按照国家制定的职业技能标准或任职资格条件，通过政府认定的考核鉴定机构，对劳动者的技能水平或职业资格进行客观公正、科学规范的和鉴定，对合格者授予相应的国家职业资格证书。

　　主要亮点：① 话题紧贴社会生活、具有普遍意义；②开篇结尾都很有特色：开篇由“相反观点”引入“作者观点”；结尾援引经济学家Friedman话语诙谐强调职业证照保护的不是消费者而是各行业；③结构清晰：引出话题（、二段）→ 展开批驳（第三、四段）→ 提出建议（第五、六段）→ 重申观点，结束全篇（第七段）

　　Part 1原文

　　Ⅰ  Some rush to blame free markets for America’s income inequality and its lack of social mobility. Among rich Western countries, America is where the top 1% of earners have become most detached from their countryfolk. Yet those who blame this on unchecked competition or globalism run wild ignore an awkward fact. Far from being laissez-faire, America’s labour markets are over-regulated by state governments.

　　Ⅱ  Fully 22% of American workers must hold licences simply to do their jobs, up from just 5% in 1950. Licences make it harder to enter a profession. Not everyone can afford to pay a registration fee or take time to study for an exam before being allowed to do a certain job. The beneficiaries from such barriers to entry are incumbent workers, whose wages rise when competition is chilled.

　　Ⅲ Licensing rules are enacted in the name of consumer protection. But tasks like issuing some prescriptions or drafting routine legal documents rarely require years of expensive postgraduate education. They may even be done better by a specialist who has fewer formal qualifications. The evidence from states where highly trained nurses can operate freely suggests that they provide just as good primary care as doctors do. Yet more than half of states restrict their practice, often requiring them to operate under supervision from doctors, who, naturally, charge a huge fee for the privilege.

　　Ⅳ Some labour-market regulation makes sense. When buyers cannot easily judge quality, the state may need to step in. But there are pitfalls. Because lawmakers also lack the expertise to judge who can safely perform, say, a dental procedure, they often ask professions to regulate themselves. Inevitably, state bar associations charged with deciding what tasks should count as “practising law” tend to shut out non-lawyers.

　　Ⅴ There are better ways to help consumers. The government can issue qualifications and titles, but leave consumers to decide whether such diplomas are a valuable signal of quality. Or the government can use inspections instead of licences. Inspections can tie in with credentials, as when restaurants receive health-and-safety certificates to display to customers.

　　Ⅵ Market forces are often best of all, in spite of information asymmetries. Brain surgery may be complex, but it is unlicensed, beyond the need for surgeons to have medical degrees. People tend to make better choices for themselves than governments, more so in a world of online reviews and price-comparison websites. The state should favour the flow of information by requiring transparent contracts. If buyers are exploited, they should have recourse through the courts.

　　Ⅶ  Milton Friedman said that you can tell who benefits from licensing by watching who lobbies for it—and rarely is that consumers. Letting professions wield the power of government against potential competitors is foolish and costly. When licensing is inevitable, regulators should aim to promote competition as well as protect consumers. Licensing running wild not only poisons markets, it also poisons sentiment towards markets that fail.

　　Part 2长难句语法点拨

　　Milton Friedman said that you can tell who benefits from licensing by watching who lobbies for it—and rarely is that consumers.

　　本句主干是Milton Friedman said…….米尔顿·弗里德曼曾说过……。后面接了两个宾语从句，用and连接，前一个宾语从句中又嵌套了一个宾语从句：“要想知道谁获益于职业证照，只需看谁在为此游说”，后一个宾语从句由否定副词rarely置于句首，其后倒装，“而这极少是消费者”

　　Part 3写作句型借鉴

　　Yet those who blame this on AA ignore an awkward fact. Far from  XX, MM are YY.

　　但把这归因于AA的人忽视了一个尴尬的事实。MM远非XX，而是YY。

　　原文例句：Yet those who blame this on unchecked competition or globalism run wild ignore an awkward fact. Far from being laissez-faire, America’s labour markets are over-regulated by state governments.

　　但把这归因于“盲目的竞争”或“失控的全球化”的人忽视了一个尴尬的事实。美国劳动力市场远非自由放任，而是受州政府的过度管制。

　　AA tend to make better choices for sth than BB, more so in a world of …….

　　AA往往能比BB更好地为某事进行选择，在……的世界更是如此。

　　原文例句：  People tend to make better choices for themselves than governments, more so in a world of online reviews and price-comparison websites.人们往往能比政府更好地为自己进行选择，在如今在线评论和比价网站盛行的世界更是如此。

　　今天好轻松考研小编整理的历年考研英语外刊常考热点：市场就到这里了，希望大家能在题目与答案中找到解题思路。