历年考研英语外刊常考热点：碳税之谬

　　在考研英语中，想要拿下考研英语高分势必是有些吃力的，听书读写中阅读能力尤为重要，阅读是听说写的基础，没有精读、泛读的大量积累输入，其他能力是无法得到本质上的突破，所以需要大量的真题以及外刊来辅助提升，今天好轻松考研小编准备了历年考研英语外刊常考热点：碳税之谬，希望对大家有帮助。

　　原文标题：The fallacy of carbon tax

　　碳市场的运作原则是“总量控制与交易”。政府规定排放总量的上限值(“总量控制”)，企业排放的每吨二氧化碳都必须获得相应的碳配额。企业可获得、购买或交易配额，其价值代表碳价。

　　脉络：

　　引出事件“华盛顿特区发起了一场对碳征税的运动”（段）——评述事件“初衷是好的，但方法天生有缺陷”（第二段）——具体分析论证（第三至六段）——指出正确做法“停止使用化石燃料、转向清洁能源”（第七段）。

　　Part 1 原文

　　Ⅰ Recently, a coalition of business and advocacy groups from around Washington gathered to kick off a campaign to enact a carbon pricing program. Known as the Climate and Community Reinvestment Act of D.C., the plan would place a new tax on all fossil fuels bought or sold, with the hope of ultimately discouraging the use of these polluting energy sources.

　　Ⅱ  The big-picture goal of this campaign is admirable: to address the ever-deepening crisis of climate chaos by dissuading the continued use of coal, oil and gas. But unfortunately, the approach — one based in a world of financial markets, trading schemes and enticing new public revenue streams — is inherently flawed. Simply put, carbon pricing is a false solution to climate change and a distraction from real, effective climate solutions we must urgently pursue.

　　Ⅲ  To date, there is scant evidence to indicate that carbon taxes lower greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, the opposite is true. Recently Food & Water Watch reviewed the British Columbia carbon tax program, often cited by advocates as an example of success. From 2009 (the first full year of the tax) to 2014, emissions from taxed sources grew by 4.3 percent. And in the seven years after the carbon tax took effect, total gasoline sales increased by 7.37 percent.

　　Ⅳ Supporters of such plans like to focus on a deceivingly simple notion that increasing the price of a consumer good will automatically reduce its use. But this just isn't the case when it comes to the purchase of necessities. People must heat their homes in winter, and they must commute to work, regardless of the cost.

　　Ⅴ   Those backing the D.C. carbon pricing plan like to note that revenue from the new tax would go toward investment in clean energy sources. But only 20 percent of the generated funds would be allocated in this manner. The rest would be shared out in tax breaks for businesses and rebates for consumers, another factor undercutting the notion that increased costs up front would change consumer behavior in the long run.

　　Ⅵ   Meanwhile, fossil fuel giants such as ExxonMobil are increasingly coming out in support of carbon pricing. This should be cause for alarm for anyone concerned with stamping out the use of the dirty energy sources these corporations profit from. Exxon knows that carbon taxes will do little to change the business-as-usual dependence on oil and gas that it relies on to continue operating and enriching shareholders. Furthermore, corporations such as Exxon rightly view carbon pricing schemes as a means of diverting energy and interest from tougher regulations that might actually encroach on their business plans and bottom lines.

　　Ⅶ  Despite what well intentioned activists want to believe, there is no convenient, market friendly solution to our serious climate condition. There is only the hard truth that we must tackle the problem at its source: We must stop using fossil fuels, and soon. The latest science indicates that in order to avoid the worst effects of deepening climate chaos, society must transition completely to clean, renewable energy by 2035.

　　Part 2 长难句语法点拨

　　Known as the Climate and Community Reinvestment Act of D.C., the plan would place a new tax on all fossil fuels bought or sold, with the hope of ultimately discouraging the use of these polluting energy sources.

　　本句主干为The plan would place a new tax on all fossil fuels bought or sold.这一计划将会对所有买卖的化石燃料增收一项新税.known as过去分词作定语，“被称为’华盛顿特区气候和社区再投资法案”的”的一项计划，整个主句后面用with的复合结构作目的状语，“以期最终能够抑制这些污染能源的使用”

　　Part 3 写作句型借鉴

　　The big picture goal of XX is admirable: to address the AA by doing BB。XX的宏观目标令人钦佩：通过BB解决AA。

　　原文例句：The big picture goal of this campaign is admirable: to address the ever-deepening crisis of climate chaos by dissuading the continued use of coal, oil and gas. 这场运动的宏观目标令人钦佩：通过劝止人们持续使用煤、油、气等，解决当前日益加深的气候混乱危机

　　Simply put, AA is a false solution to BB and a distraction from real, effective solutions we must urgently pursue.简言之,AA是解决BB的错误方式,是对真正的、有效的解决方案的注意力转移，而后者才是我们必须迫切寻求的对象。

　　原文例句：Simply put, carbon pricing is a false solution to climate change and a distraction from real, effective climate solutions we must urgently pursue.简言之，碳定价是解决气候变化的错误方式，是对真正的、有效的气候解决方案的注意力转移，而后者才是我们必须迫切寻求的对象。

　　To date, there is scant evidence to indicate that XX. In fact, the opposite is true.迄今为止，鲜有证据表明XX。实际上恰恰相反。

　　原文例句：To date, there is scant evidence to indicate that carbon taxes lower greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, the opposite is true.迄今为止，鲜有证据表明碳税能够降低温室气体排放。实际上恰恰相反。

　　今天好轻松考研小编整理的历年考研英语外刊常考热点：碳税之谬就到这里了，希望大家能在题目与答案中找到解题思路。