2016年考研英语(二)阅读真题Text2及答案解析

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　　1) Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.

　　2) The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service （USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.

　　3) Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.

　　4) Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.

　　26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____.

　　[A] its drastically decreased population

　　[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage

　　[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists

　　[D] the insistence of private landowners

　　27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it____.

　　[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure

　　[B] would involve fewer agencies in action

　　[C] granted less federal regulatory power

　　[D] went against conservation policies

　　28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____.

　　[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation

　　[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat

　　[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job

　　[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations

　　29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in_____.

　　[A] the federal government

　　[B] the wildlife agencies

　　[C] the landowners

　　[D] the states

　　30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_____.

　　[A] industry groups

　　[B] the win-win rhetoric

　　[C] environmental groups

　　[D] the plan under challenge

       答案解析：

　　26.选项[A]正确。

　　根据题干定位至第二段①句，该句指出这种急剧下跌(The crash回指段主要内容“小草原楼鸡数量以及栖息地的锐减”)是USFWS将该鸟类列为受威胁物种的主要原因。故[A]正确。

　　27.选项[C]正确。

　　根据题干关键词“threatened" tag、disappointed, environmentalists定位至第二段③④句。③句首先指出一些环保主义者对于将该鸟类列为“受威胁物种”感到失望,④句交代原因:他们曾经一直敦促USFWS将其认定为“濒危物种”，以赋予联邦政府更大的监管权。即:"受威胁物种”标签意味着联邦政府的监管权力较小,[C]正确。

　　28.选项[A]正确。

　　根据题干关键词unintentional harm-doers、he prosecuted定位到第三段前两句。其中①句指出非故意伤害者不会被起诉的条件:签署了恢复草原榛鸡栖息地的管理计划。②句进一步指出该计划内容:要求破坏栖息地者向保护基金付款，以2倍的土地替代被破坏的栖息地。联系两句可知，非故意伤害者不被起诉的条件是他们向保护基金支付补偿金,[A]正确.

　　29.选项[D]正确。

　　根据题干关键词Ashe和managing the species定位至第三段⑥句。该句总结指出,(总之)基本理念为:让各州处于管理该物种的主导地位,[D]正确。注:假如不知in the driver's scat 意为“处于控制地位.主导地位”,可借助⑤句"监督进程的职责归州级联盟机构”推知其大概含义。

　　30.选项[C]正确。

　　由题干人名关键词Jay Lininger 定位至未段④句。该句指出生物学家Jay Lininger认为:联邦政府是在将管理该物种的责任推卸给那些正在将物种推向灭绝的行业。可见,Jay Lininger认为联邦政府应自己负起管理(恢复)小草原榛鸡的主要责任，而不应将这一责任交给各州和各行业。 这与环保主义者观点致,[C]正确。

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