2019年考研英语阅读理解 TEXT 04 Part D

　　2019年考研英语阅读理解 TEXT 04 Part D

　　第四段

　　①Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. ②“Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. ③Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.” 大法官安东尼·肯尼迪写道，之前的决定存在缺陷。他在一份由其他四个法官共同撰写的意见书中写道，“每年实际存在的规则都会进一步脱离经济现实，给各州带来巨额收入损失”。肯尼迪写道，这一规定限制了国家寻求长期繁荣的能力，并阻止了市场参与者在一个公平的竞争环境中竞争。

　　①Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed.大法官安东尼·肯尼迪写道，之前的决定存在缺陷。

　　that部分是宾语从句，previous decisions指代第二段的那两项决定。flawed adj. 有缺陷的。

　　②“Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices.他在一份由其他四个法官共同撰写的意见书中写道，“每年实际存在的规则都会进一步脱离经济现实，给各州带来巨额收入损失。”

　　句子主干：Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and (Each year the physical presence rule ) results in significant revenue losses to the States。这里是两句话，

　　这里的physical rule指代的是第三段说的企业必须要在当地有实体店才会缴纳消售税的规定。

　　further removed from reality 远远的脱离了现实。result in 导致。revenue n. 收入;收益(财政收入;税收收入)

　　he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices这种写法在考研中已经泛滥，joined部分是分词后置定语，修饰opinion。opinion在这里是指意见书。

　　③Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”肯尼迪写道，这一规定限制了国家寻求长期繁荣的能力，并阻止了市场参与者在一个公平的竞争环境中竞争。

　　that部分是宾语从句：the rule “limited states' ability to seek long-term prosperity and the rule has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field

　　prosperity n. 繁荣。compete v.竞争。participate vi. 参加 —— participant n. 参与者。

　　even playing field公平的竞争环境。playing竞争。even adj. 公平的;平等的。filed n. 田地;领域;战场。

　　总结：第四段说，之前的决定(裁决)确实是有缺陷的，它们脱离了实际，导致州政府大量的损失，而且，阻碍了市场参与者公平竞争，限制了州的长期繁荣。

　　第五段

　　①The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. ②Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't before. ③Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. ④Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don't have to.这项决定对于在许多州都有业务的大型连锁店来说是一场胜利，因为它们通常已经对在线购物征收销售税。现在，竞争对手将征收以前从未征收过的销售税。大型连锁店已经在全国范围内征收销售税，因为他们通常在任何州都有实体店。有网络仓库的亚马逊，也在每一个收费的州征收销售税，尽管使用该网站的第三方卖家不需要这样做。

　　①The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, sincethey usually collect sales tax on online purchases already.这项决定对于在许多州都有业务的大型连锁店来说是一场胜利，因为它们通常已经对在线购物征收销售税。

　　句子主干是：The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states，big chains大型连锁店。ruling指代的是段中说的周四的决定。

　　since部分是原因状语从句：they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already以为他们通常都是对网上购物收税的。

　　②Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't before. 现在，竞争对手将征收以前从未征收过的销售税。

　　where部分是定语从句，修饰tax。

　　③Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to.大型连锁店已经在全国范围内征收销售税，因为他们通常在任何州都有实体店。

　　becase部分是原因状语从句，typically adv. 典型地;通常地。physical store 实体店。这里就是physical presence的下义词(抽象概念与具体概念)。

　　a部分是定语从句，修饰state，省略了that。

　　④Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it,though third-party sellers who use the site don't have to.有网络仓库的亚马逊，也在每一个收费的州征收销售税，尽管使用该网站的第三方卖家不需要这样做。

　　句子主干是：Amazon.com collect collects sales tax in every state that charges it，这里that charges it是定语从句，修饰state。这里的charge是说要求要上交销售税的州都收销售税了。

　　with部分是插入语，network of warehouse 网络仓库。

　　though部分是让步状语从句：though third-party sellers who use the site don't have to。who部分是定语从句，修饰sellers.第三方销售商不需要。

　　总结：第五段是说新的决定对这些大型连锁店是一个胜利(victory)。——即：有利影响。因为，他们在很多州都有实体店，所以根据之前的决定他们必须收销售税，然后交给当地的州政府。但是，他们的对手——非大型连锁店(可能在很多州都没有实体店)，现在，在新的决定之下，也必须要收销售税，就是现在不管你有没有实体店，都要收。那么之前没有收的这些企业现在也要收了，那么，他们就必须提高价格，不然，就会亏本，那么，价格上涨，顾客就会转向其他的企业(大型连锁店)，这样大型连锁店就成了赢家。